Q.E.D. — quod erat demonstrandum · every step shown, every result verifiedJournal · ISSN pending · Crossref DOI member
Applied Mathematics · Heat Transfer

I compute the solutions
that shouldn't exist.

Mathematics lecturer and numerical analyst. My M.Phil. work found dual solutions for MHD hybrid-nanofluid flow over a shrinking disc, where classical theory predicts none. Solved with bvp4c in MATLAB. Eight years teaching mathematics, now pursuing doctoral research.

Plate Iλ < 0 · Shrinking
Cu-Al₂O₃ / H₂O bvp4c · MATLAB z r v₀ B₀ T → T∞
Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid over a permeable radially shrinking disc, with mass suction v₀

About me

Who I am · Where I'm headed

I'm Daniyal Furqan, a mathematics lecturer with an M.Phil. in Mathematics from Riphah International University. My training sits where pure analysis meets computation, differential equations, fluid mechanics, and the numerical methods that turn intractable systems into answers.

I want to pursue a PhD, to spend the next years on heat transfer and computational fluid dynamics as a full-time researcher, not a spare-time one.

For my dissertation I modelled MHD hybrid-nanofluid flow over a permeable shrinking disc and computed the dual solution branches that appear under mass suction. That work, building the model, reducing it, and solving it in MATLAB, is exactly the kind of problem I want to keep doing at doctoral level and beyond.

Daniyal Furqan
Daniyal Furqan · M.Phil. Mathematics

Introduction

Video · YouTube

Video coming soon

YouTube embed yahan lagega

Research topic

M.Phil. Dissertation · 2021
Momentum Equation · Dimensionless FormWLM-F-0001
$$\frac{\mu_{hnf}/\mu_f}{\rho_{hnf}/\rho_f}\,f''' + 2ff'' - f'^2 - \frac{\sigma_{hnf}/\sigma_f}{\rho_{hnf}/\rho_f}\,Mf' = 0$$
Reduced from the Navier-Stokes system via the similarity transform η = z√(c/νf). Boundary conditions: f(0) = S, f′(0) = λ + α₁f″(0).
1

The problem

Non-uniqueness under shrinking flow

Flow over a stretching surface has one solution. Over a shrinking surface, vorticity is unconfined and the classical solution vanishes, unless mass suction holds the layer down. What happens inside that window is not a single answer.

2

The method

bvp4c · Finite difference · MATLAB

Governing PDEs reduced to a five-equation first-order ODE system, then solved with the three-stage Lobatto IIIa collocation scheme. Convergence tolerance 10⁻⁴. Validated against Soid, Ishak & Pop (2018) to seven decimal places.

MATLABbvp4cCFD
3

The result

Dual solutions · Critical suction S꜀

Two distinct solution branches coexist across a narrow band of the shrinking parameter. They meet at a critical suction value (S꜀ ≈ 2.38 at λ = −3.8), and below it, nothing exists at all. The second branch runs opposite to the first in every profile, physically unstable, mathematically real.

Dual branch confirmed

Looking for a PhD position in heat transfer & CFD.

Nanofluids · Boundary-layer stability · Numerical methods

The paper

Research paper · PDF
AbstractCu-Al₂O₃ / H₂O · bvp4c · MATLAB

Dual solutions for MHD slip flow of Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid over a permeable radially stretching/shrinking disk with thermal stratification and thermal radiation

Daniyal Furqan · Dr. Hashim · Tayyab Islam — Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, Islamabad

This study investigates the two-dimensional axisymmetric flow and heat transfer of a Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid driven by a permeable, radially stretching/shrinking disk in a thermally stratified medium. The analysis incorporates the combined effects of a uniform transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, velocity slip at the surface, Joule heating, and wall mass suction. The hybrid nanofluid is modeled through the Tiwari and Das framework together with established thermophysical correlations for two dissimilar nanoparticles suspended in water. The governing partial differential equations for momentum and energy are reduced to a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of suitable similarity transformations and solved numerically using the bvp4c routine in MATLAB, a finite difference scheme based on the three-stage Lobatto IIIa formula. Dual (first and second branch) solutions are found to exist for a specific range of the shrinking parameter provided that sufficient mass suction is imposed. The influence of the magnetic parameter, copper volume fraction, Eckert number, velocity slip parameter, and radiation parameter on the dimensionless velocity and temperature distributions is examined for both solution branches. The results indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter accelerates the flow and reduces the temperature in the first solution, while the second branch exhibits the opposite trend. Higher radiation parameter and Eckert number significantly enhance the thermal field, with the lower branch attaining larger temperatures. The findings are relevant to heat transfer enhancement in cooling technologies, rotating disk systems, and thermally stratified industrial processes.

Keywords Hybrid nanofluidMHDDual solutionsThermal stratificationThermal radiationVelocity slipStretching/shrinking diskbvp4c

Dual solutions for MHD slip flow of Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid over a permeable radially stretching/shrinking disk

Daniyal Furqan, Dr. Hashim, Tayyab Islam · Riphah International University, Islamabad

Open PDF

Education

EQF levels for European equivalence
QualificationInstitutionDetailYears
M.Phil. Mathematics EQF 7Riphah International University, IslamabadCGPA 3.76. Computational Fluid Dynamics, Advanced Numerical Analysis, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics. Dissertation on MHD hybrid nanofluids.2018 to 2021
M.Sc. Mathematics EQF 7Riphah International University, IslamabadCGPA 3.95. Real and Complex Analysis, PDEs, Numerical Methods, Fluid Mechanics, Plasma Theory.2016 to 2018
B.Sc. EQF 6Government College Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, University of the PunjabMathematics A & B, Physics.2014 to 2016
HSSC Pre-Engineering EQF 4Rawalpindi College of Commerce, FBISEMathematics, Physics, Chemistry.2012 to 2014
SSC Science EQF 2F.G. Boys Secondary School, Rawalpindi, FBISEMathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology. Grade B.2010 to 2012

Experience

Eight years · Three institutions

Standard College

  • Mathematics Lecturer
  • Apr 2022 to present
  • Lectures, coursework and assessment for college-level mathematics. Exam preparation and one-to-one support.
Current

International School of Cordoba

  • Senior Mathematics Teacher
  • Aug 2019 to Mar 2022
  • Curriculum design, student mentoring, and guidance for junior teaching staff across an international cohort.

Swedish Technical College

  • Mathematics Lecturer
  • Sep 2017 to Jul 2019
  • Applied mathematics for technical and vocational students. Lecture delivery, examination and grading.

Eight years of teaching. Ready to research.

Available for doctoral programmes & research collaboration

Skills

Computation · Analysis · Instruction

Computation

  • MATLAB: bvp4c, ODE solvers, plotting
  • Numerical analysis: finite difference, collocation
  • Mathematical modelling
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Analysis

  • Differential equations: ODE, PDE, boundary value
  • Fluid mechanics: Newtonian & non-Newtonian
  • Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
  • Scientific writing: dissertation, LaTeX

Instruction

  • Lecturing: college & secondary level
  • Curriculum development
  • Assessment design & grading
  • Academic mentoring